What are the primary sex organs? Gonads: Testes, and ovaries.
What do Gonads produce? Sex cells (gametes)
What do Gonads secrete? Steroid sex hormones
What are the steroid sex hormones for males? Androgens
What are the steroid sex hormones for females? Estrogens and Progesterone
What are accessory reproductive organs? Ducts, glands, and external genitalia
What do Sex Hormones play roles in? Development and function of the reproductive organs, sexual behavior and drives, and growth and development of many other organs and tissues.
Where are the testes located? Within the scrotum
What is the function of the testes? Produce sperm.
How are sperm delivered to the exterior? Through a system of ducts (Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and the urethra)
What are the accessory glands of the Male Reproductive System? Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.
What do the accessory glands do? Empty secretions into the ducts during ejaculation.
What are the testes surrounded by? Two tunics.
What are the two tunics surrounding the tests? Tunica vaginalis, derived from peritoneum; and Tunica albuginea, the fibrous capsule
What divides the testis? Septa divide testes into 250 - 300 lobules, each containing 1 - 4 seminiferous tubules.
Where is the site of sperm production? Seminiferous tubules
What are Sperm conveyed through? Seminiferous tubules, tubulus rectum, rete testis, efferent ductules, and the epididymis.
What is the blood supply of the testes? Testicular arteries and veins.
What encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply the testes? Spermatic cord.
What is the scrotum? Sac of skin and superficial fascia that hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity, contains the pair of testes
What is the temperature difference in the scrotum? 3* lower than core body temperature
Why is temperature regulation important? Temperature necessary to sperm production
Temperature is kept constant by what two sets of muscles? Smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin (dartos muscle), and bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes (cremaster muscles)
What is the male external genitalia? Scrotum and penis
What is the male copulatory organ? The penis
What does the penis consist of?Root and shaft that ends in the glans penis, prepuce, or foreskin, crura, the spongy urethra and three cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue.
What is circumcision? The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
What is the crura? The proximal end surrounded by ischiocavernosus muscle; anchors penis to the pubic arch
What is the spongy urethra? Spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle with vascular space
What expands to form the glans and bulb? Corpus spongiosum
What are paired dorsal erectile bodies? Corpora cavernosa
What is an erection? Erectile tissue fills with blood, causing the penis to enlarge and become rigid
What makes up the male duct system? The epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
What does the head of the epididymis contain? Efferent ductules
How does the epididymis function? Microvilli (stereocilia) absorb testiticular fluid and pass nutrients to stored sperm.
How does sperm pass through the epididymis? Non-motile sperm enter, pass slowly through, and become motile
What does the epididymis do during ejaculation? Contracts, expelling the sperm into the ductus deferens
Where is the ductus deferens? Passes through the inguinal canal, and expands to form the ampulla and then joins the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
What is the function of the ductus deferens? Propels sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
What is a Vasectomy? Cutting and ligating the ductus deferens, which is a nearly 100% effective form of birth control
What is the urethra? Conveys both urine and semen (at different times)
What are the three regions of the urethra? Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and spongy (penile) urethra
What do the Seminal Vesicles produce? Vicious alkaline seminal fluid
What is the viscous alkaline seminal fluid? fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzyme (vesiculase), and prostaglandins.
What percentage of semen is the Viscous Alkaline Seminal Fluid? 70% of the volume.
What does the duct of the seminal vesicle join with? The ductus deferns to form the ejaculatory duct.
Where is the prostate? Encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder.
What does the Prostate secrete? Milky, slightly acid fluid
What does the milky, slightly acidic fluid secreted from the prostate contain? Citrate, enzymes, and prostate specific antigen (PSA).
What does the milky, slightly acidic fluid secreted by the prostate do? Plays a role in the activation of sperm, enters the prostatic urethra during ejaculation.
